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The physical nature of the mechanism responsible for the emission ofneutrinos in active galactic nuclei (AGN) has been matter of debate in theliterature, with relativistic jets of radio-loud AGNs as possible candidates tobe the sources of high energy neutrinos. The most prominent candidate so far isthe blazar TXS 0506+056, which is found to be associated with the neutrinoevent IceCube-170922A. Furthermore, the IceCube reported an excess of neutrinostowards TXS 0506+056 between September 2014 and March 2015, even though thisassociation needs additional investigation, considering the presence of anearby gamma-ray source, the quasar PKS 0502+049. Motivated by this, we studiedthe parsec-scale structures of TXS 0506+056 and PKS 0502+049 through radiointerferometry at 8 and 15\,GHz. We identified twelve jet components in TXS0506+056 and seven components in PKS 0502+049. The most reliable jet componentsshow superluminal speeds ranging from 9.5c to 66c in the case of TXS 0506+056,and from 14.3c to 59c for PKS 0502+049, which were used to estimate a lower(upper) limit for the Lorentz factor (jet viewing angle) for both sources. Anovel approach using simultaneously the brightness temperature of the coreregion and the apparent speeds of the jet components allowed us to infer basicjet parameters for TXS 0506+056 at distinct epochs. We also found that theemergence of new jet components coincides with the occurrence of gamma-rayflares. Interestingly, two of these coincidences in the case of PKS 0502+049and one for TXS 0506+056 seems to be correlated with neutrino events detectedby the IceCube Observatory.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The relativistic parsec-scale jets of the blazars TXS 0506+056 and PKS  0502+049 and their possible association with gamma-ray flares and neutrino  production