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Baryon Acoustic Oscillations are considered to be a very robust standardruler against various systematics. This premise has been tested againstobservational systematics, but not to the level required for the nextgeneration of galaxy surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument(DESI) and Euclid. In this paper, we investigate the effect of observationalsystematics on the BAO measurement of the final sample of quasars from theextended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 16 in order toprepare and hone a similar analysis for upcoming surveys. We employ catalogueswith various treatments of imaging systematic effects using linear and neuralnetwork-based nonlinear approaches and consider how the BAO measurementchanges. We also test how the variations to the BAO fitting model respond tothe observational systematics. As expected, we confirm that the BAOmeasurements obtained from the DR16 quasar sample are robust against imagingsystematics well within the statistical error, while reporting slightlymodified constraints that shift the line-of-sight BAO signal by less than 1.1%. We use realistic simulations with similar redshift and angular distributionsas the DR16 sample to conduct statistical tests for validating the pipeline,quantifying the significance of differences, and estimating the expected biason the BAO scale in future high-precision data sets. Although we find amarginal impact for the eBOSS QSO data, the work presented here is of vitalimportance for constraining the nature of dark energy with the BAO feature inthe new era of big data cosmology with DESI and Euclid.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic  Survey quasar sample: Testing observational systematics on the Baryon  Acoustic Oscillation measurement