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The aim of this work is to create a long (410 years) series of average annualtotal sunspot areas AR - physically-based index of sunspot activity. We usedtelescopic observations of the AR index in 1832-1868 and 1875-2020, as well asthe relationship between AR and long series of sunspot indices SN (ISN version2.0) and sunspot groups GN (Svalgaard and Schatten (2016) GSN version). TheRoyal Greenwich observatory series after 1976 is extended by the KislovodskMountain Astronomical Station data. When reconstructing AR from SN, it is takeninto account that the function AR = f (SN) has a nonlinear systematic characterand uncertainty associated with the heterogeneity of these indices. Therefore,in addition to modeling the most probable AR values, predictive limits ofreconstruction uncertainty are determined. In the interval 1610-1699 thereconstruction we carried out on the basis of the GN series using thepreviously proposed decomposition in pseudo-phase space method (DPS). Theresulting series NO21y is freely available online. We show that for this seriesthe empirical Gnevyshev-Ohl rule and Waldmeier effect are fulfilled. Waveletanalysis reveals periodicities of 8.4-13.8 years for the main cycle (with asharp decrease of the period before the global Maunder and Dalton minima) and atwo-component Gleissberg cycle with typical periods of 50-60 years and 90-110years.

Average annual total sunspot area in the last 410 years: The most probable values and limits of their uncertainties