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In the context of the BUFFALO (Beyond Ultra-deep Frontier Fields And LegacyObservations) survey, we present a new analysis of the merging galaxy clusterMACS\,J0416.1-2403 ($z = 0.397$) and its parallel field using the datacollected by the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) campaign. In this work, wemeasure the surface mass density from a weak-lensing analysis, and characterisethe overall matter distribution in both the cluster and parallel fields. Thesurface mass distribution derived for the parallel field shows clumpyoverdensities connected by filament-like structures elongated in the directionof the cluster core. We also characterise the X-ray emission of the cluster,and compare it with the lensing mass distribution. We identify fivesubstructures at the $>5\sigma$ level over the two fields, four of them beingin the cluster one. Furthermore, three of them are located close to the edgesof the field of view, and border issues can significantly hamper thedetermination of their physical parameters. Finally, we compare our resultswith the predicted subhalo distribution of one of the Hydrangea/C-EAGLEsimulated cluster. Significant differences are obtained suggesting thesimulated cluster is at a more advanced evolutionary state thanMACS\,J0416.1-2403. Our results anticipate the upcoming BUFFALO observationsthat will link the two HFF fields, extending further the \emph{HST} coverage,and thus allowing a better characterisation of the reported substructures.

Setting the scene for BUFFALO: A study of the matter distribution in the HFF galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 and its parallel field