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We present a survey of the molecular gas in 61 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs)selected from 870$\mu$m continuum surveys of the COSMOS, UDS and ECDFS fields,using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and the Northern ExtendedMillimeter Array (NOEMA). 46 $^{12}$CO ($J=$2-5) emission lines are detected in45 of the targets at $z=$1.2-4.8, with redshifts indicating that those whichare submillimetre bright and undetected/faint in the optical/near-infraredtypically lie at higher redshifts, with a gradient of $\Delta z/\DeltaS_{870}=$0.11$\pm$0.04mJy$^{-1}$. We also supplement our data with literaturesources to construct a statistical CO spectral line energy distribution andfind the $^{12}$CO line luminosities in SMGs peak at $J_{\rm up}\sim$6,consistent with the Cosmic Eyelash, among similar studies. Our SMGs lie mostlyon or just above the main sequence, displaying a decrease in their gasdepletion timescales $t_{\rm dep} = M_{\rm gas}/{\rm SFR}$ with redshift in therange $z\sim$1-5 and a median of 200$\pm$50Myr at $z\sim$2.8. This coincideswith an increase in molecular gas fraction $\mu_{\rm gas} = M_{\rm gas}/M_\ast$across the same redshift range. Finally we demonstrate that the $M_{\rmbaryon}$-$\sigma$ distribution of our SMGs is consistent with that followed byearly-type galaxies in the Coma cluster, providing strong support to thesuggestion that SMGs are progenitors of massive local spheroidal galaxies. Onthe basis of this we suggest that the SMG populations above and below an870-$\mu$m flux limit of $S_{870}\sim$5mJy may correspond to the divisionbetween slow- and fast-rotators seen in local early-type galaxies.

An ALMA/NOEMA survey of the molecular gas properties of high-redshift star-forming galaxies