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The multi-phase circumgalactic medium (CGM) arises within the complexenvironment around a galaxy, or collection of galaxies, and possibly originatesfrom a wide range of physical mechanisms. In this paper, we attempt todisentangle the origins of these multi-phase structures and present a detailedanalysis of the quasar field Q0122-003 field using Keck/KCWI galaxyobservations and HST/COS spectra probing the CGM. Our re-analysis of this fieldshows that there are two galaxies associated with the absorption. We havediscovered a dwarf galaxy, G_27kpc ($M_{\star}=10^{8.7}$ M$_{\odot}$), atz=0.39863 that is 27 kpc from the quasar sightline. G_27kpc is only +21 km/sfrom a more massive ($M_{\star}=10^{10.5}$ M$_{\odot}$) star-forming galaxy,G_163kpc, at an impact parameter of 163 kpc. While G_163kpc is actively formingstars (SFR=6.9 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$), G_27kpc has a low star-formation rate(SFR=$0.08\pm0.03$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) and star formation surface density($\Sigma_{SFR}=0.006$ M$_{\odot}$ kpc$^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$), implying no activeoutflows. By comparing galaxy SFRs, kinematics, masses and distances from thequasar sightline to the absorption kinematics, column densities andmetallicities, we have inferred the following: (1) Part of the low-ionizationphase has a metallicity and kinematics consistent with being accreted ontoG_27kpc. (2) The remainder of the low ionization phase has metallicities andkinematics consistent with being intragroup gas being transferred from G_27kpcto G_163kpc. (3) The high ionization phase is consistent with being producedsolely by outflows originating from the massive halo of G_163kpc. Our resultsdemonstrate the complex nature of the multi-phase CGM, especially around galaxygroups, and that detailed case-by-case studies are critical for disentanglingits origins.

Disentangling the multi-phase circumgalactic medium shared between a dwarf and a massive star-forming galaxy at z~0.4