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Enabling efficient injection of light into single-mode fibers (SMFs) is a keyrequirement in realizing diffraction-limited astronomical spectroscopy onground-based telescopes. SMF-fed spectrographs, facilitated by the use ofadaptive optics (AO), offer distinct advantages over comparable seeing-limiteddesigns, including higher spectral resolution within a compact and stableinstrument volume, and a telescope independent spectrograph design. iLocater isan extremely precise radial velocity (EPRV) spectrograph being built for theLarge Binocular Telescope (LBT). We have designed and built the front-end fiberinjection system, or acquisition camera, for the SX (left) primary mirror ofthe LBT. The instrument was installed in 2019 and underwent on-skycommissioning and performance assessment. In this paper, we present theinstrument requirements, acquisition camera design, as well as results fromfirst-light measurements. Broadband single-mode fiber coupling in excess of 35%(absolute) in the near-infrared (0.97-1.31{\mu}m) was achieved across a rangeof target magnitudes, spectral types, and observing conditions. Successfuldemonstration of on-sky performance represents both a major milestone in thedevelopment of iLocater and in making efficient ground-based SMF-fedastronomical instruments a reality.

Final Design and On-Sky Testing of the iLocater SX Acquisition Camera: Broadband Single-Mode Fiber Coupling