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We measure the anisotropic clustering of the quasar sample from Data Release16 (DR16) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon OscillationSpectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). A sample of $343,708$ spectroscopically confirmedquasars between redshift $0.8<z<2.2$ are used as tracers of the underlying darkmatter field. In comparison with DR14 sample, the final sample doubles thenumber of objects as well as the survey area. In this paper, we present theanalysis in configuration space by measuring the two-point correlation functionand decompose using the Legendre polynomials. For the full-shape analysis ofthe Legendre multipole moments, we measure the BAO distance and the growth rateof the cosmic structure. At an effective redshift of $z_{\rm eff}=1.48$, wemeasure the comoving angular diameter distance $D_{\rm M}(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rmdrag} = 30.66\pm0.88$, the Hubble distance $D_{\rm H}(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag}= 13.11\pm0.52$, and the growth rate $f\sigma_8(z_{\rm eff}) = 0.439\pm0.048$.The accuracy of these measurements is confirmed using an extensive set of mocksimulations developed for the quasar sample. The uncertainties on the distanceand growth rate measurements have been reduced substantially ($\sim 45\%$ and$\sim30\%$) with respect to the DR14 results. We also perform a BAO-onlyanalysis to cross check the robustness of the methodology of the full-shapeanalysis. Combining our analysis with the Fourier space analysis, we arrive at$D^{\bf{c}}_{\rm M}(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag} = 30.22 \pm 0.79$,$D^{\bf{c}}_{\rm H}(z_{\rm eff})/r_{\rm drag} = 13.26 \pm 0.47$, and$f\sigma_8^{\bf{c}}(z_{\rm eff}) = 0.464 \pm 0.045$.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey:  BAO and RSD measurements from anisotropic clustering analysis of the Quasar  Sample in configuration space between redshift 0.8 and 2.2