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The chemical abundances of exoplanet atmospheres may provide valuableinformation about the bulk compositions, formation pathways, and evolutionaryhistories of planets. Exoplanets with large, relatively cloud-free atmospheres,and which orbit bright stars provide the best opportunities for accurateabundance measurements. For this reason, we measured the transmission spectrumof the bright (V~10.2), large (1.37 R$_{J}$), sub-Saturn mass (0.19 M$_{J}$)exoplanet WASP-127b across the near-UV to near-infrared wavelength range (0.3 -5 $\mu$m), using the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. Our results show afeature-rich transmission spectrum, with absorption from Na, H$_{2}$O, andCO$_{2}$, and wavelength-dependent scattering from small-particle condensates.We ran two types of atmospheric retrieval models: one enforcing chemicalequilibrium, and the other which fit the abundances freely. Our retrievedabundances at chemical equilibrium for Na, O and C are all super-solar, withabundances relative to solar values of 9$^{+15}_{-6}$, 16$^{+7}_{-5}$, and26$^{+12}_{-9}$ respectively. Despite giving conflicting C/O ratios, bothretrievals gave super-solar CO$_{2}$ volume mixing ratios, which adds to thelikelihood that WASP-127b's bulk metallicity is super-solar, since CO$_{2}$abundance is highly sensitive to atmospheric metallicity. We detect water at asignificance of 13.7 $\sigma$. Our detection of Na is in agreement withprevious ground-based detections, though we find a much lower abundance, and wealso do not find evidence for Li or K despite increased sensitivity. In thefuture, spectroscopy with JWST will be able to constrain WASP-127b's C/O ratio,and may reveal the formation history of this metal-enriched, highly observableexoplanet.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

WASP-127b transmission spectrum]{Abundance measurements of H$_{2}$O and  carbon-bearing species in the atmosphere of WASP-127b confirm its super-solar  metallicity