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We present SMART, a new 3D implementation of the Schwarzschild Method and itsapplication to a triaxial N-body merger simulation. SMART fits fullline-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs) to determine the viewing angles,black hole, stellar and dark matter (DM) masses and the stellar orbitdistribution of galaxies. Our model uses a 5D orbital starting space to ensurea representative set of stellar trajectories adaptable to theintegrals-of-motion space and it is designed to deal with non-parametricstellar and DM densities. SMART's efficiency is demonstrated by application toa realistic N-body merger simulation including supermassive black holes whichwe model from five different projections. When providing the true viewingangles, 3D stellar luminosity profile and normalized DM halo, we can (i)reproduce the intrinsic velocity moments and anisotropy profile with aprecision of ~1% and (ii) recover the black hole mass, stellar mass-to-lightratio and DM normalization to better than a few percent accuracy. Thisprecision is smaller than the currently discussed differences betweeninitial-stellar-mass functions and scatter in black hole scaling relations.Further tests with toy models suggest that the recovery of the anisotropy intriaxial galaxies is almost unique when the potential is known and full LOSVDsare fitted. We show that orbit models even allow the reconstruction of fullintrinsic velocity distributions, which contain more information than theclassical anisotropy parameter. Surprisingly, the orbit library for theanalysed N-body simulation's gravitational potential contains orbits with netrotation around the intermediate axis that is stable over some Gyrs.

monthly notices of the royal astronomical society

SMART: A new implementation of Schwarzschild's Orbit Superposition  technique for triaxial galaxies and its application to an N-body merger  simulation