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Quantitative dynamical models of galaxies require deprojecting the observedsurface brightness to determine the luminosity density of the galaxy. Existingdeprojection methods for axisymmetric galaxies assume that a uniquedeprojection exists for any given inclination, even though the projecteddensity is known to be degenerate to the addition of "konus densities" that areinvisible in projection. We develop a deprojection method based on linearregularization that can explore the range of luminosity densities statisticallyconsistent with an observed surface brightness distribution. The luminositydensity is poorly constrained at modest inclinations (i > ~30 deg), even in thelimit of vanishing observational errors. In constant mass-to-light ratio,axisymmetric, two-integral dynamical models, the uncertainties in theluminosity density result in large uncertainties in the meridional planevelocities. However, the projected line-of-sight velocities show variationscomparable to current typical observational uncertainties.

Structural and dynamical uncertainties in modelling axisymmetric elliptical galaxies