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which vary spatially and temporally (Fitter, 1994). However, despite the well-known morphological and This study investigated the response of root prolifera- physiological responses of roots to patches (reviewed by tion, plant N capture and soil microbial activity in a Robinson, 1994; Robinson and van Vuuren, 1998), little Lolium perenne sward to L-lysine (15N/13C dual- is known about how attributes of the patch (i.e. size, labelled) patches of contrasting size and strength. concentration, duration, frequency, etc.) influence Three patch treatments provided the same quantity (c. resource capture by plants. This is partly because most 5.6 mg) of N, but at different concentrations (i.e. studies investigating the response of plants to non200 mM◊1 ml; 100 mM◊2 ml; 40 mM◊5 ml), while uniform resources have been conducted using solution the other two treatments provided five times (1 culture where nutrient concentrations were continuously M◊1 ml) or 0.2 (40 mM◊1 ml) as much N. Control maintained (Drew and Saker, 1975, 1978; Granato and patches were added as 1 ml H 2 O. Root production Raper, 1989; Campbell et al., 1991). In the soil, patches and root mortality in the patch addition zone were are typically of organic material with a finite life span measured in situ using mini-rhizotron tubes and were and are sites of increased microbial activity (GriYths found to differ between the various treatments. et al., 1993; GriYths and Caul, 1993); under these condiInstantaneous root birth rates were significantly tions the extent and speed of the response by the plant (P<0.05) greater in the highest N added patch (1 root system will be important for successful resource M◊1 ml) at day 14 only, indicating a more marked capture. Some studies suggest that nutrient capture by proliferation response in this treatment compared to plants is not simply related to the ability to proliferate those containing less N. However, of the total N avail- roots within a nutrient-rich zone (van Vuuren et al., 1996; able, roots in the 1 M◊ 1m l L-lysine patch captured Fransen et al., 1998). Similarly, it is shown that for five significantly (P<0.05) less (29%) than in the other four grass species grown in monoculture, capture of N from a treatments (40‐47%), which did not differ significantly decomposing organic residue was not related to the degree from each other. Microbial activity was significantly of proliferation within the patch (Hodge et al., 1998). (P<0.05) greater in the highest N added patch (1 However, when two of these grass species competed for M◊1 ml) than in all other treatments. The response N in the same residue, the ability to proliferate roots of roots and micro-organisms in relation to N capture there did confer an advantage: the species which proliferis discussed.

Nitrogen capture by plants grown in N-rich organic patches of contrasting size and strength