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M ultiple myeloma captured the headlines twice in one week this spring: first with the death of former vice presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro after battling the disease for 12 years and then with the first large-scale genome sequencing of myeloma. By sequencing the genomes of 38 myeloma patients, researchers uncovered mutations and pathways that might not have showed up had they sequenced only one patient ’ s genome. They were surprised at some of their fi ndings. “We learned an enormous amount of totally new information from our study, starting with entirely new genes and processes that were not on anybody ’ s radar and which had never been connected to cancer before,” said author Todd Golub, M.D. , director of the cancer institute at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Mass. The team, which includes scientists from TGen in Scottsdale, Ariz., is working now on sequencing more than 200 other patient samples. Published in Nature in April, the study demonstrated that myeloma is a great deal more complicated and unstable than had been thought. Co-author A. Keith Stewart, M.D., dean for research at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz., said it confi rmed the importance of the NF B pathway and revealed mutations of genes involved in protein translation and blood coagulation, as well as in epigenetic mechanisms. The discovery of mutations in BRAF genes could have an immediate effect, making it possible to test existing drugs that target BRAF mutations.

Myeloma Researchers Gain Genome, New Targets, and New Concerns