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Investigation into the causes and prevention of colon cancer has always been a fascinating area of cancer research. It remains so because of the complex interplay of genetics and environ- ment in the etiology of this common malignancy (7,2). The dietary milieu probably provides mutagens that initiate colon carcinogenesis, altering critical genes involved in its genesis, and is the source of substances that promote the tumorigenic process. Fortunately, as the epidemiologic evidence under- scores, the diet is seemingly rich in factors that modulate risk for the disease (3-5). An impressive amount of experimental evidence, especially in laboratory animal studies, supports protective roles for cereal fiber and calcium in influencing risk for colon cancer. In car- cinogen-treated rodents, research studies (6-13) have consistent- ly implicated dietary fiber from wheat and supplemental dietary calcium as potentially protective in terms of reducing colon cell hyperproliferation upon short-term feeding and in reducing and protecting against the development of colon cancer in the longer term. The results have been inconsistent regarding the cancer preventive effects of other forms of cereal fiber. Some studies even suggested an adverse effect on the colon; i.e., some soluble forms of fiber have been shown to enhance cellular proliferation in the colon (14,15). From the human standpoint, relatively few studies have ad- dressed the possible mechanism of action of added dietary fiber and calcium in the prevention of colon cancer. One hypothesis that has withstood the test of time suggests that the digestion of a diet rich in fat enhances the release of primary and secondary

Grist for the Mill: Role of Cereal Fiber and Calcium in Prevention of Colon Cancer