Early Posthatch Starvation Induces Myonuclear Apoptosis in Chickens

The effect of early posthatch starvation on myonuclear apoptosis was examined in chickens. Male broiler chickens were or were not provided feed for the first 3-d posthatch. Subsequently, all chickens were provided feed for an additional 4-d posthatch. Chickens were killed at 3- and 7-d posthatch, and the pectoralis thoracicus was harvested, fixed and embedded in paraffin. Muscle sections were labeled with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase histochemical staining technique to identify apoptotic nuclei. At 3- and 7-d posthatch, there was a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller myofiber cross-sectional area for the starved compared with the fed chickens. A larger proportion (P < 0.05) of apoptotic nuclei relative to total nuclei was observed in the starved compared to the fed chickens killed at 3-d posthatch, but the proportion of apoptotic nuclei relative to total nuclei did not differ (P > 0.05) between the starved and fed chickens killed at 7-d posthatch. It appears that apoptosis is a mechanism contributing to the smaller myofiber size observed when feed is not provided early posthatch.