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African cichlids are well known for their adaptive radiations, but it is now apparent that they also harbor an extraordinary diversity of sex chromosome systems. In this study, we sequenced pools of males and females from species in 3 different genera of cichlids from Lake Tanganyika. We then searched for regions that were differentiated following the patterns expected for sex chromosomes. We report 2 novel sex chromosomes systems, an XY system on LG19 in Tropheus sp. "black" and a ZW system on LG7 in Hemibates stenosoma. We also identify a ZW system on LG5 in Cyprichromis leptosoma that may be convergent with a system previously described in Lake Malawi cichlids. Our data also identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms for the blue/yellow tail color polymorphism observed among male C. leptosoma.

Novel Sex Chromosomes in 3 Cichlid Fishes from Lake Tanganyika