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The irregular free surface topography has a significant impact on simulations of seismic wave propagation. Therefore, an accurate representation of the irregular free surface is required for an accurate wavefield simulation. We propose an immersed boundary method used in fluid dynamics calculation to simulate acoustic waves with finite-difference in media with irregular surfaces. First, we set the number of ghost layers to half the length of the finite-difference stencil. Then, we define mirror points by orthogonally projecting the ghost points to fractional points below the free surface. We calculate the wavefield at these mirror points using an iterative symmetric interpolation method. Finally, we set the wavefield at the ghost points to the negative value of the wavefield of their corresponding mirror points. The proposed iterative symmetric interpolation method allows computing the wavefield at the mirror points more accurately and stably than the conventional immersed boundary methods. Numerical examples validate the accuracy and stability of this method in seismic forward modelling with strongly varying topography.

An immersed boundary method with iterative symmetric interpolation for irregular surface topography in seismic wavefield modelling