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supply from the soil can result in shoot water deficit and that this response will limit shoot growth and functioning In this paper the nature of root-to-shoot signals in ( Kramer, 1983). Nevertheless, shoot water deficits do not plants growing in drying soil is considered in the conalways result from soil drying and indeed in some circumtext of their commercial exploitation in tomato stances, drought-induced stomatal closure can result in (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and other crops. Recent an increase in shoot water potential relative to that of a findings are presented on the effects of partial root well-watered plant (Jones et al., 1983). Under these drying (PRD) in the production of a glasshouse tomato circumstances it is necessary to ask what is limiting the crop. These findings show how an understanding of reopening of stomata (and the growth of the shoots)? both root-to-shoot signalling mechanisms and fruit Some ingenious experimental manipulations have allowed hydraulic architecture may explain observed increases several groups to conclude that chemical signalling in fruit quality, the differential effects of PRD on vegetbetween roots and shoots can limit shoot growth and ative and reproductive production and the incidence functioning under particular conditions. In some experiof blossom end rot. Evidence is provided to support ments, pneumatic pressure is applied to the roots of the hypothesis that the success of PRD may lie, at plants in drying soil such that the shoot water relations least in part, in the relative chemical and hydraulic are sustained at values that are comparable to those of isolation of the tomato fruit. well-watered plants. Despite this, stomata can remain partly closed (Gollan et al., 1986) and shoot growth can

journal of experimental botany

Regulation of leaf and fruit growth in plants growing in drying soil: exploitation of the plants' chemical signalling system and hydraulic architecture to increase the efficiency of water use in agriculture