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The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) included a target to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015—a right recognised as fundamental to human needs. Small independent water vendors are often the only water supply option in peri-urban neighbourhoods in developing countries and fill a critical gap in the municipal system, but there is concern about the quality and price of their water. Such vendors need to be recognised and regulated due to their role in meeting basic water needs. This article reflects on the lack of regulation and discusses a recent multidisciplinary research project in Kenya and Ethiopia that considered whether there is a case for regulation of competition, price and quality. It concludes that recognising small independent water vendors as part of a regulatory framework will result in increased access to water for the poor and assist in the realisation of the MDGs, the right to water and intergenerational equity.

Small Independent Water Providers: Their Position in the Regulatory Framework for the Supply of Water in Kenya and Ethiopia