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The physiology and behavior of gilts that develop in a male-biased litter can differ from gilts that develop in a female-biased litter. We hypothesized that gilts from male-biased litters will have a delayed and attenuated luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and reduced LH pulse frequency and amplitude compared to gilts from female-biased litters. Gilts were selected at birth from male-biased (&gt;60% males n = 10) or female-biased (&gt;60% females n = 9) litters. From 18 wk of age, detection of puberty using daily boar contact began and their subsequent estrous periods were synchronized with oral progestogen (altrenogest). On day 3 after altrenogest withdrawal, blood samples were obtained from 6 gilts per sex bias group at 10 min intervals from 0900 to 2100 h to determine LH pulse amplitude and frequency. From 0900 on day 4, all 19 gilts were sampled every 4 h until the end of estrus to characterize LH surge dynamics. There were no differences between groups in LH pulse characteristics. Compared to gilts from female-biased litters, the LH surge in gilts from male-biased litters was delayed [56.00 ± 3.32 h vs. 43.11 ± 3.76 h (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)), P &lt; 0.05], the duration was decreased [29.78 ± 2.12 h vs. 37.71 ± 1.19 h (mean ± SEM), P &lt; 0.05] and the total secretion as measured by area under the curve was decreased (91.42 ± 9.52 ng/mL vs. 120.28 ± 9.48 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.05). Our results indicate that a male-biased uterine environment has different effects on the tonic secretion of LH than the LH surge, with only some elements of the LH surge being affected.

Sex bias of the birth litter affects surge but not tonic LH secretion in gilts1