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He, W., Li, Z., Liu, J., Li, Y., Murphy, B. R., and Xie, S. 2008. Validation of a method of estimating age, modelling growth, and describing the age composition of Coilia mystus from the Yangtze Estuary, China. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1655–1661. A collection of 577 Coilia mystus was made during April 2006 and 2007 from China’s Yangtze Estuary to estimate the age structure and growth patterns of the population. Examination of sectioned sagittal otoliths revealed a periodic straight/curved growth pattern. The straight zone was from April to November, and the curved zone from October to May, indicating annual periodicity. Annual periodicity was also verified by margin zone analysis. The shift from a curved-zone to the next straight-zone stanza was defined as an annulus. The fish from which the otoliths were taken were 0–5 years old. The von Bertalanffy growth function was fitted to standard length (LS)-at-age data as LS = 215.16 (1 – e−0.53 (t+ 0.30)) (n = 577, r2 = 0.81, p &lt; 0.05). The mature females included five age classes, ages 1 and 2 accounting for 74.3% of the population. The mature males included fish aged 1 and 2, those at age 1 accounting for 86.4% of the population. Mean length was smaller, and annual growth less, for mature males than for females of comparable age. The study demonstrated that the Yangtze population of C. mystus consists of more age classes than previously thought and that the age structure of the population needs to be considered in management decisions.