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A row of 40 ornamental Eastern hemlock, Tsugacanadensis (12 m tall), and an adjacent hemlock forest (trees to 18 m tall), heavily infested with Fioriniaexterna, located in Westport, CT, were sprayed in mid-June during peak activity of crawlers to evaluate the effectiveness of two foliar systemic insecticides. Treatments were applied to the point of runoff using either a John Bean Hydraulic Sprayer (Hereafter HS) operating at 200 psi or a mistsprayer attachment for a leaf-blower (U.S. Pat. No. 3,776,459, hereafter MS). A conscientious effort was made to cover the foliage completely and to direct the spray to the lower surface of the foliage, the feeding sites of F. externa. For ornamentals a minimum of 10 trees was used for each treatment; for forest trees all hemlocks within the 10-acre forest were sprayed. For each of five randomly selected ornamentals in each treatment four branches were sampled from the inner and outer crown at two heights 1 wk prior to and 3 and 7 wk following treatment. The numbers of living and dead scales occurring on 100 needles of current year growth were determined for each branch. Five randomly selected, mature forest hemlocks were sampled 3 wk following treatment. Four branches were taken from each of three vertical levels of the crown and scale mortality was determined as previously discussed. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance.

Effectiveness of Foliar Systemic Insecticides for Controlling Scales on Forest and Ornamental Hemlock, 1976, 1977