Control with Bacterial Insecticides, 1988:

Plots were established on a field of “organic” potatoes near Castleford, Idaho. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by surface flow. An untreated control and 7 treatments were replicated in a randomized complete block design. Individual plots were 4 rows (36-inch spacing) by 25 ft. Treatments were applied in a broadcast spray using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal finished spray/acre. Spraying pressure was 30 psi and nozzle type was X-8 (Spraying Systems) hollow cone. A spreader-sticker was added to the ABG-6263 spray solutions (Leffingwell Activate 90, 3 cc/21 spray solution). The bacterial plots received a second spray 7 d after the initial application because larvae were still present. Larvae and adults were visually counted on the middle 2 rows of each plot as the observer walked between those plot rows. The percentage of defoliation estimates were made 14 d after the initial application. Data analyses were conducted using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls studentized range test.