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Three pyrethroids and a herbicide, Enide, were applied sequentially or in tank-mixed combinations on tobacco seedlings after transplanting to determine their effects on cutworms, weeds, and flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco seedlings were transplanted on May 26. Plots were 76 × 14 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design, and consisted of 4 rows of tobacco with 38 plants/row. Furthermore, 2 subplots (12 × 12 inches each) containing 3 tobacco seedlings were established in each plot. Ten 6th- and 7th-instar larvae were introduced in each subplot 2 h before treatment and then 5 days after treatment. The larvae were retained in the subplots by aluminum barrier strips 8 inches high with 3 inches embedded in the ground to prevent the larvae from escaping. Applications were made on 3 Jun using a power sprayer that delivered 25 gal/ acre at 32 psi and 3.5 mph for broadcast application and 11 gal/acre at 15 psi for 10-inch band treatment. In plots receiving sequential applications, Enide was applied first in a 10-inch band over the row after transplanting, followed by broadcast insecticides over the plots 2 days later. In plots receiving tankmixed treatments, each of the insecticides was mixed in the same tank with Enide just before application and applied in a 10-inch band over the row. Cutworm-damaged plants and cutworm populations in the soil around plants from the 2 central rows in each plot were counted weekly after treatment for 4 wk, and the number of weeds was counted 2 wk after treatment. Mortality counts of the larvae in the subplots were made daily for 5 days. Abbott’s formula was used to correct for the mortality occurring in the check. The harvest and curing of each plot were carried out in the conventional manner. Cured tobacco leaves were analyzed for reducing sugars and total alkaloids as measures of the quality of the tobacco. Agronomic parameters measured were yield (lb/acre) and grade index (0/lb). The percentage of larval mortality in the subplots was transformed into angular units, and square-root transformation × + 0.5 was used for number of living cutworms and damaged plants found in each plot before analysis of variance. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means. Means were converted to original units for presentation in the tables.

Effects of Pyrethroid Insecticides and a Herbicide Applied Sequentially Or as Tank-Mixed Combinations on Cutworms, Weeds, and Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1986