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Collards were direct seeded in 4 row plots 20 ft long on 7 Jul. Plants were spaced 2 inches apart in the row and 36 inches between rows. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each row was buffered by a guard row. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 0.5 liter of water to which 0.01% of a liquid detergent was added as a spreader and applied with a trombone type garden sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) treatments were made up to a 0.1% concentration with the respective dye to determine the UV protection value to the virus. All of the virus treated rows also had Artogeia rapae granulosis virus (GV) applied so that damage primarily from cabbage looper could be assessed since the NPVs do not infect the imported cabbageworm. All rows were treated with their respective applications on 11, 18, 25 Aug; 2 and 8 Sep. On 2 and 8 Sep 50 second instar T. ni larve were applied to each of the virus test rows. On 15 Sep the foliage injury ratings and insect counts were taken. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1-5 and were indexed as follows: (1) 0-3% damage—odd holes on leaves; (2) 4-10% damage—few leaves with holes; (3) 11-25% damage—moderate number of leaves with holes; (4) 26-50% damage—most leaves with holes; and (5) 51-100% damage—crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.

Control of Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards with Viruses and Bacillus Thubingiensis Formulations, 1986