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In Shaker Heights, Ohio, the crowns of street-lawn American elms, Ulmus americana L., (avg 64.0 cm in dbh; 20.1 m in height) were sprayed at bud break with candidate insecticides for evaluation as alternatives to the standard methoxychlor emulsion used to control twig-crotch feeding by the smaller European elm bark beetle. Treatments included 4 insecticides at 2 concentrations and methoxychlor at 1 concentration. Each treatment was applied to 3 single tree replicates. Sevin 4-Oil was mixed in diesel fuel; all others in water. A John Bean 300G Rotomist mist blower equipped with 3 DC-5 nozzles with no. 45 cores was used. Each tree received an average of 24.6 liters of finished spray except methoxychlor-treated trees averaged 9.5 liters. When trees were sprayed on 5 May, the ambient temperature was 2-10°C, the sky was clear, and the wind was 0-5 kph. Between treatment and bioassay, the mean temperature was 20.6°C and the total rainfall was 37.9 cm. At 16 wks postspray, 10 twigs were collected for bioassay from each of 12 sectors (3 vertical levels and 4 quadrants) in each tree crown. Twigs from each vertical level were combined for bioassay. Bioassays were made by confining 1-day old adult beetles on twigs in small cages. The mean percentage of beetles that failed to penetrate the twig xylem, after feeding for 24 h at 30 ± 1°C and 92 ± 2% RH, was used as a measure of treatment effectiveness.

Control of Elm Bark Beetle on American Elm, Bioassay Tests, Cuyahoga, Co., Ohio, 1983