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Mutations in the  NF1  tumor suppressor gene cause Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Neurofibromin, the protein product of  NF1 , functions as a negative regulator of Ras activity. Some NF1 patients develop cardiovascular disease, which represents an underrecognized disease complication and contributes to excess morbidity and mortality. Specifically, NF1 patients develop arterial occlusion resulting in tissue ischemia and sudden death. Murine studies demonstrate that heterozygous inactivation of  Nf1  ( Nf1 +/−  ) in bone marrow cells enhances neointima formation following arterial injury. Macrophages infiltrate  Nf1 +/−   neointimas, and NF1 patients have increased circulating inflammatory monocytes in their peripheral blood. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that heterozygous inactivation of  Nf1  in myeloid cells is sufficient for neointima formation. Specific ablation of a single copy of the  Nf1  gene in myeloid cells alone mobilizes a discrete pro-inflammatory murine monocyte population via a cell autonomous and gene-dosage dependent mechanism. Furthermore, lineage-restricted heterozygous inactivation of  Nf1  in myeloid cells is sufficient to reproduce the enhanced neointima formation observed in  Nf1 +/−   mice when compared with wild-type controls, and homozygous inactivation of  Nf1  in myeloid cells amplified the degree of arterial stenosis after arterial injury. Treatment of  Nf1 +/−   mice with rosuvastatin, a stain with anti-inflammatory properties, significantly reduced neointima formation when compared with control. These studies identify neurofibromin-deficient myeloid cells as critical cellular effectors of  Nf1 +/−   neointima formation and propose a potential therapeutic for NF1 cardiovascular disease.

Heterozygous inactivation of the Nf1 gene in myeloid cells enhances neointima formation via a rosuvastatin-sensitive cellular pathway