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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, caused by mutations in the  PKD1  gene, is characterized by progressive deterioration of kidney function due to the formation of thousands of cysts leading to kidney failure in mid-life or later. How cysts develop and grow is currently unknown, although extensive research revealed a plethora of cellular changes in cyst lining cells. We have constructed a tamoxifen-inducible, kidney epithelium-specific  Pkd1- deletion mouse model. Upon administration of tamoxifen to these mice, a genomic fragment containing exons 2–11 of the  Pkd1 -gene is specifically deleted in the kidneys and cysts are formed. Interestingly, the timing of  Pkd1 -deletion has strong effects on the phenotype. At 1 month upon gene disruption, adult mice develop only a very mild cystic phenotype showing some small cysts and dilated tubules. Young mice, however, show massive cyst formation. In these mice, at the moment of gene disruption, cell proliferation takes place to elongate the nephron. Our data indicate that  Pkd1  gene deficiency does not initiate sufficient autonomous cell proliferation leading to cyst formation and that additional stimuli are required. Furthermore, we show that one germ-line mutation of  Pkd1  is already associated with increased proliferation.

Kidney-specific inactivation of the Pkd1 gene induces rapid cyst formation in developing kidneys and a slow onset of disease in adult mice