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Women of African ancestry have the highest mortality from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) of all racial groups. To understand the genomic basis of breast cancer in the populations, we previously conducted genome-wide association studies and identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with breast cancer in Black women. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of the top associated SNP rs13074711. We found the SNP served as an enhancer variant and regulated  TNFSF10  ( TRAIL ) expression in TNBC cells, with a significant association between the SNP genotype and  TNFSF10  expression in breast tumors. Mechanistically, rs13074711 modulated the binding activity of c-MYB at the motif and thereby controlled  TNFSF10  expression. Interestingly,  TNFSF10  expression in many cancers was consistently lower in African Americans compared with European Americans. Furthermore,  TNFSF10  expression in TNBC was significantly correlated with the expression of antiviral immune genes and was regulated by type I interferons (IFNs). Accordingly, loss of  TNFSF10  resulted in a profound decrease in apoptosis of TNBC cells in response to type I IFNs and poly(I:C), a synthetic analogue of double stranded virus. Lastly, in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer,  TNFSF10 -deficiency in breast tumors decreased tumor-infiltrated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell quantities. Collectively, our results suggested that TNFSF10 plays an important role in the regulation of antiviral immune responses in TNBC, and the expression is in part regulated by a genetic variant associated with breast cancer in Black women. Our results underscore the important contributions of genetic variants to immune defense mechanisms.

human molecular genetics

An enhancer variant associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Black women regulates  TNFSF10  expression and antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer