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The imprinted domain on human chromosome 15 consists of two oppositely imprinted gene clusters, which are under the coordinated control of an imprinting center (IC) at the 5′ end of the  SNURF–SNRPN  gene. One gene cluster spans the centromeric part of this domain and contains several genes that are transcribed from the paternal chromosome only ( MKRN3 ,  MAGEL2 ,  NDN ,  SNURF–SNRPN ,  HBII-13 ,  HBII-85  and  HBII-52 ). Apart from the  HBII  small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes, each of these genes is associated with a 5′ differentially methylated region (DMR). The second gene cluster maps to the telomeric part of the imprinted domain and contains two genes ( UBE3A  and  ATP10C ), which in some tissues are preferentially expressed from the maternal chromosome. So far, no DMR has been identified at these loci. Instead, maternal-only expression of  UBE3A  may be regulated indirectly through a paternally expressed antisense transcript. We report here that a processed antisense transcript of  UBE3A  starts at the IC. The  SNURF–SNRPN  sense/ UBE3A  antisense transcription unit spans more than 460 kb and contains at least 148 exons, including the previously identified  IPW  exons. It serves as the host for the previously identified HBII-13, HBII-85 and HBII-52 snoRNAs as well as for four additional snoRNAs (HBII-436, HBII-437, HBII-438A and HBII-438B), newly identified in this study. Almost all of those snoRNAs are encoded within introns of this large transcript. Northern blot analysis indicates that most if not all of these snoRNAs are indeed expressed by processing from these introns. As we have not obtained any evidence for other genes in this region, which, from the mouse data appears to be critical for the neonatal Prader–Willi syndrome phenotype, a lack of these snoRNAs may be causally involved in this disease.

The IC- SNURF–SNRPN transcript serves as a host for multiple small nucleolar RNA species and as an antisense RNA for UBE3A