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In the field of cancer research, many studies have contributed a variety of significant clinical data and provided and established standard protocols for the education, prevention, screening and treatment of different cancers. However, few cancer research studies have focused on specific population subgroups. In particular, cancer research data on US minorities and underserved populations have been lacking. Therefore, a special need and emphasis for cancer research (within these subgroups) has emerged. As diversity continues to increase in the United States [1], cancer research targeting these subgroups will become more relevant to mitigate further cancer and obesity-related health disparities and other inequalities faced by these groups. Previous studies have documented several factors that may enhance and/or improve cancer care. Namely, improving education and prevention, aggressive screening, patient compliance and modifying lifestyle and behavioral changes. Kyle et al. [2] addressed several issues regarding increasing cancer awareness, cancer-specific educational interventions and promoting positive health-related behaviors in UK teens. In addition, Erwin and colleagues investigated influential factors associated with decisions to obtain breast or cervical cancer screening by US Latinas [3]. However, much work is still needed regarding the implementation of these preventive (and treatment) parameters in US minority groups. Several factors dictate the accessibility and quality of cancer prevention and care. As a result, special attention should be given to minority-based cancer research. Several barriers and obstacles limit the accessibility of health care to these groups, further demonstrating that in fact healthcare (and cancer care) disparities do exist. Barriers include socioeconomic status, accessible and affordable healthcare, education, decreased compliance and screening [4]. In fact, Erwin and colleagues demonstrated that cancer health disparities among minorities attributed to lower cancer awareness and lower screening rates, which resulted in higher incidences for different cancers in these groups [3]. These disparities present a unique challenge and opportunity for clinicians and researchers. Through promoting lifestyle and behavioral changes, positive health-related behaviors, community-based educational and outreach programs and attitudes toward screening and compliance, some of these inequalities may potentially be mitigated. This may result in decreased cancer incidence rates, improved screening, targeted minority-based treatment and maintenance, increased compliance and decreased cancerrelated morbidities and mortality [5]. Furthermore, the accessibility and quality of cancer care would be afforded to all groups in the United States, despite differences. Obesity is another area that requires a greater amount of attention. The American Medical Association (AMA) recently classified and designated obesity as a disease [6]. With nearly one in three adult Americans classified as obese, and another third overweight, coverage for weight loss programs could be life-changing for many [6]. Although the AMA’s recent announcement proves to be controversial and has spurred much debate among healthcare practitioners, this long-awaited designation promotes much needed public awareness to several comorbidities that have been implicated to obesity such as hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, dyslipidemia and several other disorders. In addition, access to obesity drugs, surgery and counseling has emerged. However, from a cancer research perspective, this encourages the opportunity for an increase in meaningful studies and investigations between the association of obesity and certain cancers. According to HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH Vol.28 no.5 2013 Pages 745–747

The dire need for cancer health disparities research