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Seismological, geological and geodetic data have been integrated to characterize the seismogenic\udstructure of the late 2013-early 2014 moderate energy (maximum local magnitude\udMLmax = 4.9) seismic sequence that struck the interior of the Matese Massif, part of the Southern\udApennines active extensional belt. The sequence, heralded by a ML = 2.7 foreshock, was\udcharacterized by two main shocks with ML = 4.9 and ML = 4.2, respectively, which occurred\udat a depth of ∼17–18 km. The sequence was confined in the 10–20 km depth range, significantly\uddeeper than the 1997–1998 sequence which occurred fewkm away on the northeastern\udside of the massif above ∼15 km depth. The depth distribution of the 2013–14 sequence is\udalmost continuous, albeit a deeper (16–19 km) and a shallower (11–15 km) group of events\udcan be distinguished, the former including the main shocks and the foreshock. The epicentral\uddistribution formed a ∼10 km long NNW–SSE trending alignment, which almost parallels\udthe surface trace of late Pliocene–Quaternary southwest-dipping normal faults with a poor\udevidence of current geological and geodetic deformation. We built an upper crustal model\udprofile for the eastern Matese massif through integration of geological data, oil exploration\udwell logs and seismic tomographic images. Projection of hypocentres on the profile suggests\udthat the seismogenic volume falls mostly within the crystalline crust and subordinately\udwithin the Mesozoic sedimentary cover of Apulia, the underthrust foreland of the Southern\udApennines fold and thrust belt. Geological data and the regional macroseismic field of the\udsequence suggest that the southwest-dipping nodal plane of the main shocks represents the\udrupture surface that we refer to here as the Matese fault. The major lithological discontinuity\udbetween crystalline and sedimentary rocks of Apulia likely confined upward the rupture extent\udof the Matese fault. Repeated coseismic failure represented by the deeper group of events\udin the sequence, activated in a passive fashion the overlying ∼11–15 km deep section of the\udupper crustal normal faults. We consider the southwest-dipping Matese fault representative\udof a poorly known type of seismogenic structures in the Southern Apennines, where extensional\udseismogenesis and geodetic strain accumulation occur more frequently on NE-dipping,\udshallower-rooted faults. This is the case of the Boiano Basin fault located on the northern side\udof the massif, to which the 1997–1998 sequence is related. The close proximity of the two\udtypes of seismogenic faults at the Matese Massif is related to the complex crustal architecture\udgenerated by the Pliocene–early Pleistocene contractional and transpressional tectonics

geophysical journal international

The seismogenic structure of the 2013–2014 Matese seismic sequence, Southern Italy: implication for the geometry of the Apennines active extensional belt