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The activation of Late Quaternary faults in the Central Apennines (Italy) could generate earthquakes\udwith magnitude of about 6.5, and the Monte Vettore fault system probably belongs to\udthe same category of seismogenetic faults. Such structure has been defined ‘silent’, because\udof its geological and geomorphological evidences of past activation, but the absence of historical\udrecords in the seismic catalogues to be associated with its activation. The ‘Piano di\udCastelluccio’ intramountain basin, resulting from the Quaternary activity of normal faults, is\udcharacterized by a secondary fault strand highlighted by a NW–SE fault scarp: it has been\udalready studied through palaeoseismological trenches, which highlighted evidences of Quaternary\udshallow faulting due to strong earthquakes, and through a 2-D ground penetrating\udradar (GPR) survey, showing the first geophysical signature of faulting for this site. Within\udthe same place, a 3-D GPR volume over a 20 × 20 m area has been collected. The collection\udof radar echoes in three dimensions allows to map both the vertical and lateral continuity\udof shallow geometries of the fault zone (Fz), imaging features with high resolution, ranging\udfrom few metres to centimetres and therefore imaging also local variations at the microscale.\udSeveral geophysical markers of faulting, already highlighted on this site, have been taken as\udreference to plan the 3-D survey. In this paper, we provide the first 3-D subsurface imaging of\udan active shallow fault belonging to the Umbria-Marche Apennine highlighting the subsurface\udfault geometry and the stratigraphic sequence up to a depth of about 5 m. From our data,\udgeophysical faulting signatures are clearly visible in three dimensions: diffraction hyperbolas,\udtruncations of layers, local attenuated zones and varying dip of the layers have been detected\udwithin the Fz. The interpretation of the 3-D data set provided qualitative and quantitative\udgeological information in addition to the fault location, like its geometry, boundaries and an\udestimation of the fault throw

3-D GPR data analysis for high-resolution imaging of shallow subsurface faults: the Mt Vettore case study (Central Apennines, Italy)