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H IGH negative interference or positive correlation of recombination events, especially over short segments of a genome, is a phenomenon that has been reported to obtain during genetic recombination in several organisms (PRITCHARD 1955; CHASE and DOERMANN 1958; DE SERRES 1958). That high negative interference is a general phenomenon ( DEMEREC 1928; STURTEVANT 195 1; PRITCFIARD 1955; +$.AWRENCE 1956; ST. LAWRENCE and BONNER 1957) was suggested by CHASE and D~ERMANN (1958). Whether high negative interference is also observed when tran&rnnng DNA recombines with a bacterial chromosome is the principal question that prompted the investigations reported in this paper. PRITCHARD (1955) has suggested that recombination is very intense in localized areas that represent effectively paired segments of the chromosome, and that recombination is virtually nonexistent along other segments. CHAW, and DYERMANN (1958) further suggested that recombinational events are, indeed, clustered within the “switch areas,” which occur randomly throughout the genome of phage T4, these switch areas constituting only a small part of the genetic structure. These proposals have been advanced to explain high negative interference. In phage, the “switch areas” have now been identified with regions of heterozygosity (DOERMANN 1965) which may be internal, or the result of terminal redundancies in a permutated linear chromosome str~~cture (STREISINGER, EDGAR and DENHARDT 1964). Thus, DOERMANN (1965) concludes that in order to explain high negative interference in phage there is no need to assume that the occurrence of one exchange has an effect on adjacent exchanges. Three-point crosses such as those to be reported in this Paper afford quantitative measurements of both the intensity and independence (or dependence) of multiple recombinational events in DNA-induced transformation, which is in many respects the simplest of all genetic recombination systems (EPHRUSSI-TAYLOR 1960). The presence of interference (positive or negative) in a transforming system would indicate that genetic exchanges are not random in even this simplest

genetics

GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN DNA-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS. V. THE ABSENCE OF INTERFERENCE, AND EVIDENCE FOR THE SELECTIVE ELIMINATION OF CERTAIN DONOR SITES FROM THE FINAL RECOMBINANTS