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Studies of the distribution of ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) suggest distinct ecological niches characterised by ammonia concentration and pH, arising through differences in substrate affinity and ammonia tolerance. AOA form five distinct phylogenetic clades, one of which, the ‘ Nitrososphaera  sister cluster’, has no cultivated isolate. A representative of this cluster, named ‘ Candidatus  Nitrosocosmicus franklandus’, was isolated from a pH 7.5 arable soil and we propose a new cluster name:  ‘Nitrosocosmicus’ . While phylogenetic analysis of  amoA  genes indicates its association with the  Nitrososphaera  sister cluster, analysis of 16S rRNA genes provided no support for a relative branching that is consistent with a ‘sister cluster’, indicating placement within a lineage of the order  Nitrososphaerales . ‘ Ca.  N. franklandus’ is capable of ureolytic growth and its tolerances to nitrite and ammonia are higher than in other AOA and similar to those of typical soil AOB. Similarity of other growth characteristics of ‘ Ca.  N. franklandus’ with those of typical soil AOB isolates reduces support for niche differentiation between soil AOA and AOB and suggests that AOA have a wider physiological diversity than previously suspected. In particular, the high ammonia tolerance of ‘ Ca.  N. franklandus’ suggests potential contributions to nitrification in fertilised soils.

fems microbiology ecology/fems microbiology, ecology

Isolation of ‘<i>Candidatus</i>Nitrosocosmicus franklandus’, a novel ureolytic soil archaeal ammonia oxidiser with tolerance to high ammonia concentration

Isolation of ‘CandidatusNitrosocosmicus franklandus’, a novel ureolytic soil archaeal ammonia oxidiser with tolerance to high ammonia concentration