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Background Japan has the most rapidly ageing population in the world. The Japanese government has, therefore, promoted physician-led home health care for frail and disabled people. Objectives To describe mortality among older people receiving physician-led health care at home or at a nursing home in Japan and to identify risk factors. Methods This was a multicentre prospective cohort study. Participants were aged ≥65 years and had started to receive regular physician-led health care at home or at nursing homes from 13 facilities between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2016. The observation period ended on 31 January 2017. We used a biopsychosocial approach for exploratory analysis of 13 variables to identify mortality risk factors. Results The median (25th to 75th percentile) observation time was 417 (121–744) days. Of 825 participants, 380 died. The total cumulative survival for 180, 360, 720 and 1440 days was 73.4% (95% confidence interval: 70.2–76.3), 64.2% (60.8–67.5), 52.6% (48.8–56.3) and 34.6% (23.5–46.0). The Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival curve showed a steep drop during the first 6 months of observation. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that sex (male), high Charlson Comorbidity Index score, low serum albumin level, low Barthel Index score, receipt of oxygen therapy, high Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia score and non-receipt of public assistance were associated with mortality. Conclusions Overall mortality in physician-led home visits in Japan was described and mortality risk factors identified. Public assistance receipt was associated with lower mortality.

Overall mortality in older people receiving physician-led home visits: a multicentre prospective study in Japan