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Background First-year university students are exposed to different factors affecting their lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the trends in health behaviour of first-year students from four Kaunas universities over 17 years. Methods The study was carried out in 2000, 2010 and 2017. In total, 689, 739 and 1062 randomly selected first-year students participated (response rates &amp;gt;90%). During the lectures, participants filled in the anonymous questionnaire that included information on nutrition, physical activity, harmful habits, height, and weight. Results The reduction in daily smoking was observed: from 30.2% in 2000 to 18.4% in 2017 among males and from 21.1% to 15.9% among females, respectively. The proportion of male students drinking alcohol at least once a week declined from 62.7% in 2000 to 31.6% in 2017 and the proportion of females - from 41.5% to 27.3%, respectively. There was an increase in the proportion of students who have tried or are taking drugs: from 15.9% in 2000 to 27.8% in 2017 among males and from 4.8% to 18.8% among females, respectively. The changes in the nutrition habits of the students were observed: the proportion of students who consumed red meat every day decreased (up to 35.6% in 2017). In 2017, more students consumed cereals, fresh fruits and vegetables every day and fewer sweets, confectionery and soft drinks at least once a week than in 2000. There was a decline in meantime students spent sitting as well as in the average duration of the sleep. The proportion of students who take part in sports activities has increased by 17.1%. However, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 11.7% in 2000 to 23.7% in 2017 among males, and from 4.2% to 9.0% among females, respectively. Conclusions Over 17 years, most health behaviours of the first-year students have changed in a positive direction; however, some unhealthy habits are still common and the prevalence of overweight has increased. Key messages This study highlights the importance of implementing preventive programmes among students after starting university. Monitoring of changes in health behaviour of students helps timely respond to the challenges.

The trends in health behaviour of the first-year students from Kaunas universities, 2000 - 2017