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Background Antimicrobial Resistance is a prominent worldwide threat that is increasing in low-to-middle income countries. Good antibiotic stewardship (AMS) improves compliance with evidence-based antimicrobial prescribing guidelines but just 4% of LMICs have national AMS initiatives in place and only 15% have national policies. As high as 20-50% of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescription in Nigeria is thought to be non-compliant. Behaviour change theories can structure our understanding of why poor compliance occurs and can facilitate development of effective interventions to improve it. Methods The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF; Michie et al. 2009) was used to develop an online survey and interview schedule for focus group discussions. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed by two researchers using thematic analysis, TDF and the COM-B model of behaviour change (Michie et al. 2010). Results 60 surgeons (59% male; 43% surgical consultant; 5-10 yrs experience) from Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos University College of Medicine and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital completed the survey. A sub-group of 14 surgeons (79% male; 86% surgical consultant; 10-15 yrs experience) participated in three focus groups. Whilst compliance with guidance was generally considered desirable, surgeons reported translating guidance to Nigerian practice and context was often difficult, time-consuming and restricted by not having access to recommended antibiotics. Conclusions Behaviour change theory can be used to further our understanding of key barriers and facilitators to non-compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescribing guidance, amongst surgeons in Nigeria. This presentation will conclude with discussion of how findings from this project are being used to develop a cost-effective, scalable, decision-support smartphone app for prescribing behaviour change. Key messages Behaviour change theory can be used effectively to further understanding of barriers and facilitators to Nigerian surgeons’ non-compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescribing guidance. We must form a comprehensive understanding of factors (social &amp; environmental) driving non-compliant attitudes and behaviours, before creating interventions to change prescribing behaviour.

Understanding non-compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prescribing guidance, in Nigeria