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Chairs: Orkan Okan, Germany, Luı́s Saboga Nunes, Portugal Contact: orkan.okan@uni-bielefeld.de The past three decades have witnessed phenomenal growth in interest in health literacy with outstanding research approaches that generated a broad array of evidence in many different countries. Public health experiences prove that for many people in the world, health related skills and knowledge can have sustainable benefits for their future health. The early focus of research was on individuals, there is now increasing recognition that governments, providers, systems, and consumers are also equally accountable. Equitable and achievable access to health literacy and the resulting benefits must be promoted at the (1) individual, (2) community, (3) public, (4) organisational, and (5) policy levels. In response to surveys, governments have adopted national policies and programs to address health literacy and thereby target diverse populations in many countries. Placed in the core of the health literacy concept, understanding health-related information is the key for healthy action and requires knowledge, positive attitude and experience, as well as certain skills in order to access health information. In health research there has been several approaches to information in context of health promotion, such as decision-making, information literacy, health information literacy, and, of course, health literacy. An inevitable precaution is that information needs to be not only available, reliable, and stable, but also accessible, comprehensible, and easy-to-use. The way people deal with information and the degree of knowledge of health, health services, and resources is depending on their health literacy. Taken overall, there is currently significant work in progress in relation to health literacy that provides consistent evidence that health literacy can be improved through information, communication and education, especially in children and young people. However, to date, only few efforts have been taken to compare the approaches to and evidence resulting from health literacy research as conducted in different regions of the world. The main objective is therefore to present empirical findings from different countries/regions and to catch characteristics and peculiarities of health literacy approaches in these settings. The first presentation will introduce a study conducted in crisis-affected Afghanistan. The second presentation will shed light on the cultural health practices of Hispano-Americans living in Switzerland. The third presentation will report on preliminary findings of the European IC-Health digital health literacy consortium. The fourth presentation will explore the concept of health information literacy in Germany. The fifth presentation will present results of a German qualitative health literacy study conducted in primary school children. This workshop offers a forum for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers interested in health literacy and will allow discussing results, facilitate exchange, and support further synergies.

1.Q. Workshop: Health literacy in different countries and populations: the many approaches to research