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Background Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) are conditions where effective community care and case management can help prevent the need for hospital admission. Even if the ACSC episode itself is managed well, an emergency admission for an ACSC is often symptom of overall poor quality of primary and community care. Lower socioeconomic status individuals show higher rates of hospitalization due to ACSCs. The purposes of this study is to examine the association between socioeconomic status and the risk of hospitalization due to an ACSC in pediatric population through a retrospective analysis of administrative data of the Abruzzo region. Methods We identified hospital discharge records from 2008 to 2018 of subjects under 18 years of age to take into consideration for the study. Hospitalizations due to ACSCs were selected by ICD9-CM coding developed by Billings et al. and implemented by Lu et al. For establishing the socioeconomic status, we used the Italian Deprivation Index (IDI) developed by Caranci et al. as a categorical variable expressed in quintiles. A multilevel logistic regression model was implemented using ACSC vs non ACSC hospitalization as dependent variables. Results In the study period, a total of 317,586 hospital discharge records were selected, 18059 (5.69%) of which related to ambulatory care sensitive hospitalization. After correcting for age, gender, and citizenship, ACSCs hospitalization was associated with lower IDI (aOR1.21;CI95%1.09-1.34) and a slight gradient as the deprivation increased. Moreover, it was also associated with emergency department admission (aOR6.53;CI95%6.19-6.89). Conclusions Avoidable hospitalization in pediatric settings is associated with lower socioeconomic status computed by IDI. This study confirms inequity in primary care or community care after adjusting for age, gender and citizenship. Italian deprivation index represents a useful tool to identify population and areas where improving prevention is necessary. Key messages The Italian deprivation index could be used to implement primary and community care strategies in pediatric settings. Socio-economic factors are associated with the performance of the health services.

Pediatric ambulatory care sensitive admission and deprivation index, ten years retrospective analysis