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Background This is the first study in Brazil that evaluates the prevalence of low renal function in the Brazilian population and associated factors, using biochemical measures. Methods This is a cross-sectional household-based epidemiological survey, the National Health Survey (PNS), conducted in 2014 and 2015. The explanatory variables were: sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, chronic diseases, anthropometry. The prevalence of kidney filtration rate (KFR) &amp;lt;60 ml / min / 1.73m2 was estimated, using Poisson regression to calculate the Prevalence Ratio Adjusted (RPaj) by age and gender. Results The prevalence of low renal function was 6.48% (95% CI 5.88-7.09). After adjusting remained associated: female (RPaj 1.4 CI (95% 1.16-1.68), age 45-59 years was RPaj = 7.3 (95% CI 3.8-14.1), 60 years or older RPaj = 33.6 (95% CI 17.8- 63.4), obesity RP 1.32 (95% CI 1.1-1.7), diabetes PR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.8), poor / very poor self-rated health PR = 1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.9). Conclusions Renal function &amp;lt;60 ml / min / 1.73m2 was higher in females, increased with age, was associated with obesity, diabetes and poorer health assessment. CKD through biochemical tests and risk and protection factors are essential to support public health policies. Key messages The prevalence with laboratory data was 4 times higher than self-reported studies, showing the underreporting of low renal function in Brazil population. The primary care team should request simple biochemical tests, such as creatinine, routinely in the target population, especially the elderly, for prevention and early management of kidney diseases.

Underreporting of chronic kidney disease according to laboratory criteria of Brazilian adults