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This editorial refers to ‘Alcohol consumption and risk of heart failure: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study’, by A. Goncalves et al. on page doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu514 The occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events remains the number one cause of death worldwide.1,2 Therefore, the definition of potentially modifiable targets to reduce the incidence of CVD remains a key public health priority. While excessive alcohol consumption is a major contributor to the occurrence of non-cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a large body of evidence suggests that individuals consuming low to moderate amounts of alcohol have a lower risk of suffering from some, but not all CVD outcomes. For example, previous studies found a linear inverse relationship between alcohol consumption and the occurrence of ischaemic heart disease or myocardial infarction,3,4 and a U-shaped association of alcohol consumption with the occurrence of sudden cardiac death.5 In contrast, low to moderate amounts of alcohol intake have not been found to be protective for the incidence of atrial fibrillation or stroke.6,7In this context, some previous studies have also suggested that low to moderate amounts of alcohol consumption are associated with a reduced risk of developing congestive heart failure.8,9 Goncalves et al . now present a large additional study on this potentially important relationship.10 The authors took advantage of …

Alcohol consumption and incident cardiovascular disease: not just one unifying hypothesis