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rotic plaques, (bilateral 1272; right 76; left 148) corresponding with an almost 5% higher prevalence of unilateral plaques left than right (P<0.0001). Mean carotid wall thickness was also higher on the left side compared to the right with respectively 2.9±1.3 mm and 3.12±1.2 mm (P<0.0001), whereas degree of stenosis did not differ. Plaques located in the right carotid artery had significantly more frequent calcification (42% vs 34%) as predominant component, suggesting a more stable phenotype, whereas on the left side, IPH (7% vs 10%), indicating a more vulnerable phenotype, and fibrous tissue (43% vs 47%) were significantly more prevalent. LRNC was equally distributed. Subjects with an atherosclerotic plaque on the left side have therefore an OR for IPH, fibrous tissue and calcification of 1.5, [0.9-1.4], 1.2, [1.1-1.4] and 0.7, [0.5-0.8], respectively. Conclusion: Although atherosclerosis is a systematic disease, we found an unequal distribution of carotid atherosclerotic plaque size and composition in the general population. IPH and fibrous tissue were more frequent observed in the left carotid artery, whereas calcification was more often present in the right. Our findings suggest that the predilection of cerebrovascular disease to the left side may be explained by the vulnerable phenotype of plaques in the left carotid artery.

european heart journal

A composite peripheral blood gene expression score has high sensitivity for obstructive coronary artery disease in a non-invasive imaging population and correlates with plaque burden and morphology by