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The abdominal adipose tissue is now generally regarded as an important endocrine organ, secreting a wide range of adipokines and other regulatory peptides or hormones. One of these adipokines that has attracted a great deal of interest is adiponectin, which can be detected in various molecular forms.1 Its synthesis is regulated by the ADIPOQ gene promoter. Adiponectin has been implicated to be a marker of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, as well as being involved in inflammatory processes.1,2 Previous studies have shown an inverse correlation between circulating adiponectin levels and measures of insulin resistance, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. It is still an open question whether or not adiponectin plays a causal and independent role in the development of arterial lesions due to atherosclerosis, resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular events. As atherosclerotic lesions are influenced by the interplay between metabolic abnormalities, haemodynamic factors, and local (peri-)vascular inflammation, it is assumed that adiponectin may play a role in this process because of cross-sectional associations with many of the risk factors involved.3 A few studies have investigated adiponectin levels in relation to intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery, this being an early marker of atherosclerosis and the consequence of elevated levels of cardiovascular risk factors.In previous screening studies it was reported that adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with carotid IMT, both in 140 obese young subjects compared with a group of matched controls4 and in 1515 healthy middle-aged subjects of both genders.5 More recently, common carotid IMT was shown to be associated with adiponectin levels in a USA-based middle-aged … Corresponding author. Tel: +46 40 33 24 15, Fax: +46 40 92 32 72, Email: Peter.Nilsson{at}med.lu.se

Is adiponectin and its genetic regulators useful or not for prediction of carotid intima-media thickness and coronary heart disease?