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Heart failure is the number one reason for hospital admission in patients above 65 years of age. It is predicted that the number of heart failure patients will almost double in the next 20 years. Ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease are the major causes of this disabling disease. Approximately 22% of women and 46% of men who have had a myocardial infarction will develop heart failure within 6 years.1 Still, hypertension is a chief cause of cardiac failure: diastolic dysfunction accounts for >50% of all heart failure patients.2 In the world we live in, an increasing number of people become at risk of developing hypertension heart disease due to the epidemic proportions of obesity and the concomitant development of diabetes. The obesity epidemic is not restricted to countries in the developed world, but is also starting to conquer some developing countries such as India and China.2Efficient and rapid identification of patients who are susceptible to develop chronic heart failure (CHF) is going to be of imminent importance. In clinical practice, a combination of clinical exam, serum biomarkers, and imaging technology will provide the tools to establish the diagnosis of heart failure. Advances in serum biomarker diagnostics include the use of N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a marker of the failing left ventricle.3 The release of NT-proBNP is triggered by stretch of myocardial cells and, therefore, is a direct reflection of myocardial cell stress. Novel studies on serum biomarkers in CHF comprise the detection of galectin-3, which reflects the activation of macrophages in the failing heart.4 This could provide incremental … *Corresponding author. Tel: +31 43 3882949; fax: +31 43 3871055. E-mail address : s.heymans{at}cardio.unimaas.nl

Annexin A5 and the failing heart; lost or found in translation?