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Aortic valve (AV) stenosis is the most common type of congenital left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Short-term outcomes following balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) including residual aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, and procedural complications have been established. The impact of pre-intervention AV characteristics on long-term outcomes has not been well studied. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the initial parameters on baseline echocardiogram and the time to reintervention in children with AV stenosis following BAV. Methods Children from the newborn period to 18 years of age with AV stenosis who underwent BAV from 2004-2012 were included. Patients with aortic insufficiency prior to BAV, complex congenital heart lesions, or less than two accessible follow-up echocardiograms were excluded. Baseline and serial echocardiographic data pertaining to aortic valve and LV size and function was retrospectively collected until December 2017 or until the first reintervention. Time to reintervention or death was evaluated. Results Among the 98 enrolled patients, the median [IQR] age at BAV was 2.8 months [0.2-75]. The median [IQR] duration of follow-up was 6.8 [1.9-9.0] years. Eighty-nine (83%) patients had bicuspid valve morphology and the median [IQR] peak-to-peak catheterization gradient prior to BAV was 49 [34-65] mmHg. The cumulative proportion [95% CI] of reintervention at 5 years following BAV was 33.7% [23.6%, 42.4%]. Primary indications for reintervention were aortic stenosis (57%), aortic insufficiency (14%), or mixed valve disease (30%). Reinterventions included repeat BAV (49%), AV repair (15%), and AV replacement (36%). Increased LVEF at baseline as well as increased mean LV circumferential strain at baseline were associated with decreased risk of reintervention (HR [95% CI] (1 unit increments): 0.974 [0.959-0.989], p &amp;lt; 0.001; 0.939 [0.884-0.997], p = 0.041 respectively). Increased AV annulus z-score was also associated with decreased risk of reintervention (HR [95% CI] (1 unit increments): 0.806 [0.698-0.93], p = 0.003). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that better left ventricular function at baseline, measured by LVEF and mean LV circumferential strain, is associated with a decreased risk of reintervention in neonates and children following BAV. We have also shown that a bigger AV annulus prior to BAV is associated with a decreased risk of reintervention.

european heart journal. cardiovascular imaging

1161 Baseline echocardiographic parameters associated with reintervention in children with aortic valve stenosis following balloon aortic valvuloplasty