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This paper investigates the origin and evolution of the concept of the industrial district. The idea of industrial district is quite widespread in modern industrial economics and in business studies, with a variety of meanings and typologies. Indeedthe real original conceptualisation dates back to Alfred Marshall and the economistsof the so-called Cambridge school. Quite often the concept of industrial district isconsidered as synonymous with agglomeration, localisation and clustering. But, according to the meaning given originally by Marshall, these processes of industry‘territorialisation’ are quite different from the more ‘compound localisation’ that isthe Marshallian industrial district. Therefore, the aim of our contribution is focusedon disentangling its original meaning from other subsequent interpretations,referring particularly to the debate on this subject that arose among the economists of the Cambridge School

At the origin of the industrial district: Alfred Marshall and the Cambridge school