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The fingerprints of  Rhizoma coptidis  (Huanglian) collected in different growing periods were established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the seasonal variations of six alkaloids, namely berberine, palmatine, jateorrhizine, coptisine, epiberberine and columbamine were assessed. In order to highlight the differences of their HPLC fingerprints, three chemometrics methods including Spearman's rank correlation, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis were applied. The anti-inflammatory activity of  R. coptidis  collected in different developing stages was measured by NO inhibition assay. The relationship between HPLC fingerprints and anti-inflammatory activity named spectrum–effect relationship was investigated by partial least squares regression. The anti-inflammatory activity was positively correlated with the alkaloid contents. Berberine, palmatine, coptisine, jateorrhizine and epiberberine were the main anti-inflammatory components on the basis of the quantitative determination of the six alkaloids and spectrum–effect investigation. The collecting time of  R. coptidis  impacted the plant's alkaloid contents and its anti-inflammatory activity.

Seasonal Variation of Alkaloid Contents and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Rhizoma coptidis Based on Fingerprints Combined with Chemometrics Methods