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It has been suggested that thiol-containing amino acids could be used as biomarkers for diseases associated with oxidative stress. We investigated the thiol-containing amino acids, homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH) and γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GluCys), in commercial human serum by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) after precolumn derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-sulfobenzofurazan. This method was applied to determine the composition of thiol-containing amino acids in exosomes prepared from the serum. Hcy, Cys, GSH and γ-GluCys could be detected in the exosomal fraction, and the ratio of each thiol-containing amino acid was similar to those in the corresponding native serum. Cys (94.76%) was most enriched in the exosomal fraction, followed by GSH (2.97%), γ-GluCys (1.59%) and Hcy (0.68%). These findings suggest that thiol-containing amino acids, Hcy, Cys, GSH and γ-GluCys, are included in exosomes in human serum.

LC–MS/MS Analysis of Thiol-Containing Amino Acids in Exosomal Fraction of Serum