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Supercritical fluid and enhanced-fluidity liquid extractions are performed on spiked sediment samples containing atrazine (ATRA) and five of its metabolites including desisopropyldesethylatrazine, desethylhydroxyatrazine (DEHA), desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, and hydroxyatrazine (HA). The hydroxylated metabolites are of particular interest because of their increased water solubility and the fact that their high polarity makes them difficult to analyze. Soxhlet extractions using methanol are conducted for the purpose of comparison. Results of the extractions show that the hydroxy-containing metabolites of ATRA are not effectively extracted with supercritical CO 2  alone. The solvating or desorbing power of carbon dioxide appears too low to extract HA and DEHA. The extraction recoveries of the hydroxylated metabolites increase when enhanced-fluidity liquid mixtures of methanol/CO 2  are used, and these rates increase with the methanol concentration. Enhanced-fluidity ternary liquid mixtures of H 2 O/methanol/CO 2  yield the best recoveries for these compounds. ATRA recoveries are equally effective when using supercritical CO 2  or enhanced-fluidity mixtures. The other nonhydroxy-containing metabolites require the increased solvent strength of either large percentages of methanol in CO 2  or ternary mixtures of H 2 O, methanol, and CO 2  for high recoveries. Recoveries with enhanced-fluidity liquid ternary mixtures are better than the recoveries from Soxhlet for all the compounds in the study.

Extraction of Atrazine and Its Metabolites Using Supercritical Fluids and Enhanced-Fluidity Liquids